Hearth Record

Governors’ Village Stem Academy

A child care center in Charlotte, North Carolina 28262

7910 Neal Road, Charlotte, North Carolina 28262. (980) 343-5268.

  • administrative action in the last three years
North Carolina’s own record, on ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov

Watch and the shortlist are kept with a free account, on every device. Your watch list. North Carolina’s own record is on ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov.

The short answer

The last 24 months 81 violations in 11 months of the last 36. Last cited May 2026. Every month

Each figure’s source sits beside it, in its section below.

What these words mean5
Inspection (survey)
A visit by state inspectors, often unannounced, who check a place against the rules it must meet. For nursing homes and other places Medicare pays, CMS calls these visits surveys: a standard survey of a nursing home comes at least every 15 months, and a complaint survey whenever a complaint calls for one. Source: CMS; 42 CFR 488.308.
Deficiency, citation, violation
What inspectors write up when a place didn’t meet a rule: the rule, what they saw, and when. CMS calls it a deficiency; states may say citation or violation. It is the inspectors’ finding, not a court’s, and the place is usually asked for a plan to correct it. Source: CMS, statement of deficiencies (Form CMS-2567); each state’s licensing agency.
Quality rating
Many states rate child care in a quality rating system that goes past the licensing rules, such as Texas Rising Star or Kentucky All STARS. Taking part is often voluntary, so a program with no rating hasn’t been rated low. Source: Each state’s quality rating system.
Licence status
Whether the state’s licence lets the place operate now, in the state’s own words: licensed, on probation (allowed to keep operating on conditions, after problems), provisional, pending or expired. Source: Each state’s licensing agency.
Capacity
The most people the licence or certification lets the place care for at once: residents, children, beds or apartments, as the state counts them. It isn’t how many are there now. Source: Each state’s licensing agency.

What did inspectors find?

22 DCDEE visits in the last three years, the latest on Aug 21, 2026.

81 violations cited in the last three years, 81 of them marked corrected.

Source:

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE), Child Care Facility Search (ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov): licences, DCDEE visits and violations. Checked Oct 21, 2026. Updated daily.

When those violations happened

81 violations in 11 months of the last 36. Last cited May 2026. The last 3 years, to Nov 3, 2026.

81 violations by month over the last 3 years. Each cell is one month.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2023 Dec
2024 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2026 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNov

Hover or focus a month to read it.

No visit on record Visited, nothing cited A stronger orange is more serious, on its source’s own levels, read onto four bands: from the least serious it publishes to the most
Source:

Hearth Record drew this from the dates and levels in the source’s own records.

Each violation, in its source’s words

Grouped by visit, newest first, with the level its source gave it.

Source:

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE), Child Care Facility Search (ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov): licences, DCDEE visits and violations. Checked Oct 21, 2026. Updated daily.

May 13, 2026: unannounced1 violation
  • NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.

    “Space B9 had fourteen (14) children with one (1) teacher and Space B11 had thirteen (13) children with one (1) teacher. As children lined up to go inside Space B13 was the last class on the playground and there were eleven (11) children with one (1) teacher. Repeat violation”

    Rule NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 28, 2026. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

Apr 28, 2026: unannounced3 violations
  • Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.

    “Arrival and departure times were not documented for 4/27/26 or 4/28/26 in Space B10.”

    Rule Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 13, 2026. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.

    The inspectors’ words, 93 words

    “During today’s visit Space B9 had twenty-one (21) children present. Space B10 had fourteen (14) children present with one (1) teacher as they transitioned from the cafeteria to their classroom. On 4/27/26 it was reported that there were eleven (11) children present with one (1) teacher. Based on interviews and review of arrival and departure sheets it was determined that on Friday, 4/24/26 the ratio for Space B9 was 1:13. The ratio in Space B10 was 1:16 from 1:30 pm - 3:00 pm and the group size for Space B12 was twenty-one (21).”

    Rule NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 28, 2026. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Rule violated (DCDEE’s description below)

    “A current schedule was not posted for each group of children for reference. . Each schedule stated arrival routines/interest areas/centers from 7:30 am – 8:10 am and breakfast from 8:10 am – 8:30 am. Per the approved corrective action plan for stipulation 3 of the administrative action all children were taken to the cafeteria before going to their class each morning to maintain ratio. Classes were not following the posted schedule.”

    Rule Rule violated (DCDEE’s description below). Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 13, 2026. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

Feb 18, 2026: unannounced9 violations
  • All corrosive agents, pesticides, bleaches, detergents, cleansers, polishes, any product which is under pressure in an aerosol dispenser, and any substance which may be hazardous to a child if ingested, inhaled, or handled were not stored in a locked room or cabinet.

    “Clorox wipes were stored in an unlocked closet in Space B12. Aerosol disinfectants were stored in an unlocked cabinet in Space B10. Clorox wipes were stored on top of a cabinet in Space B13.”

    Rule All corrosive agents, pesticides, bleaches, detergents, cleansers, polishes, any product which is under pressure in an aerosol dispenser, and any substance which may be hazardous to a child if ingested, inhaled, or handled were not stored in a locked room or cabinet.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 3, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • All staff did not successfully complete certification in CPR training appropriate to the age of the children in care.

    “Verification of staff completion of the CPR course from an approved training organization was not in the staff file. One (1) employee (C.E) hired 8/18/25 did not have CPR training.”

    Rule All staff did not successfully complete certification in CPR training appropriate to the age of the children in care.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 3, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • All staff did not successfully complete certification in First Aid appropriate to the age of children in care.

    “Verification of staff completion of First Aid training from an approved training organization was not in the staff file. One (1) employee (C.E.) hired 8/18/25 did not have First Aid training.”

    Rule All staff did not successfully complete certification in First Aid appropriate to the age of children in care.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 3, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • All walls and ceilings including doors and windows were not kept clean, free of visible fungal growth, and in good repair.

    “Ceiling tiles were damaged/water stained in Spaces B12 and B9.”

    Rule All walls and ceilings including doors and windows were not kept clean, free of visible fungal growth, and in good repair.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 31, 2026. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.

    “Arrival and departure times were not documented for February in Space B13.”

    Rule Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 3, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Electrical outlets and power strips, not in use, which were located in space used by children did not have safety outlets or were not covered with safety plugs unless located behind furniture or equipment that cannot be moved by a child.

    “Electrical outlets did not have safety plugs in Spaces B12, B9, and B10.”

    Rule Electrical outlets and power strips, not in use, which were located in space used by children did not have safety outlets or were not covered with safety plugs unless located behind furniture or equipment that cannot be moved by a child.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 3, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Operator has not scheduled and obtained a fire inspection within 12 months of the previous inspection.

    “Operator did not submit the original approved report to DCDEE within one week of the inspection visit on a form provided by the Division. The last fire inspection was conducted 9/4/2024.”

    Rule Operator has not scheduled and obtained a fire inspection within 12 months of the previous inspection.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 3, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Staff did not complete the health and safety training within one year of employment.

    “One (1) employee (C.O.)did not complete health and safety trainings within one year of employment. Trainings were due August 2024.”

    Rule Staff did not complete the health and safety training within one year of employment.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 3, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • The child care administrator and all staff did not complete the Recognizing and Responding to Suspicions of Child Maltreatment training within 90 days of employment.

    “One (1) employee (T.M.) hired 10/8/25 did not complete child maltreatment training.”

    Rule The child care administrator and all staff did not complete the Recognizing and Responding to Suspicions of Child Maltreatment training within 90 days of employment.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 3, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

Dec 16, 2025: unannounced4 violations
  • All staff did not successfully complete certification in CPR training appropriate to the age of the children in care.

    “Verification of staff completion of the CPR course from an approved training organization was not in the staff file. Two (2) teachers CPR training expired at the end of October 2025.”

    Rule All staff did not successfully complete certification in CPR training appropriate to the age of the children in care.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jan 26, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • All staff did not successfully complete certification in First Aid appropriate to the age of children in care.

    “Verification of staff completion of First Aid training from an approved training organization was not in the staff file. Two (2) teachers First Aid expired at the end of October 2025.”

    Rule All staff did not successfully complete certification in First Aid appropriate to the age of children in care.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jan 26, 2026. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • All staff records, except financial records, were not made available for review.

    “One (1) new employee was not listed on the DPI form and did not have the required paperwork on file for review.”

    Rule All staff records, except financial records, were not made available for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jan 6, 2026. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.

    “Seventeen (17) children were present with one (1) teacher until 9:00 am when children were dispersed to other classrooms. I observed a teacher from classroom B13 walk across the hall to Space B10 to speak with that teacher. She left the lead teacher in B13 alone with nineteen (19) children when she walked across the hall.”

    Rule NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jan 6, 2026. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

Oct 1, 2025: unannounced5 violations
  • A valid qualification letter was not on file and available to review at the facility.

    “One (1) substitute, C. Cooper, in Space B12 was not listed on the DPI form and did not have a DCDEE CBC background check onsite for review.”

    Rule A valid qualification letter was not on file and available to review at the facility.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Oct 15, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Application did not have a medical action plan attached for any child with health care needs such as allergies, asthma, or other chronic conditions that require specialized health services.

    “One (1) child with a chronic condition did not have a completed medical action plan onsite for review.”

    Rule Application did not have a medical action plan attached for any child with health care needs such as allergies, asthma, or other chronic conditions that require specialized health services.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Oct 22, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.

    “One (1) child with medication for a chronic condition did not have authorization completed for the medication.”

    Rule Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Oct 15, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Prior to employment a Criminal Background Check was not completed.

    “One (1) substitute, C. Cooper, in Space B12 did not have a completed DCDEE CBC background check completed.”

    Rule Prior to employment a Criminal Background Check was not completed.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Oct 15, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • The medical action plan was not updated on an annual basis or when changes to the plan were made by the child’s parent or health care professional.

    “One (1) child’s medical action plan contained dosage information that conflicted with the prescription. The medical action plan indicated .15 mg for dosage and the prescription on the medication indicated .3 mg.”

    Rule The medical action plan was not updated on an annual basis or when changes to the plan were made by the child's parent or health care professional.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Oct 22, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

May 22, 2025: unannounced2 violations
  • Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.

    “The medication permission for a chronic condition expired 2/25/25. Repeat violation.”

    Rule Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jun 25, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.

    “One (1) teacher was present with thirteen (13) children in Space B10. Repeat violation”

    Rule NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.. Corrected during the inspection.

May 13, 2025: unannounced2 violations
  • Children were not adequately supervised at all times.

    “A child from Space B13 walked unaccompanied to the restroom located in the hallway. The teacher was observed standing in the threshold of her classroom looking down the hall towards the restrooms.”

    Rule Children were not adequately supervised at all times.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 22, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.

    “Fourteen (14) children were present with one (1) teacher in Space B9. Repeat violation”

    Rule NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 28, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

May 6, 2025: unannounced3 violations
  • Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.

    “The medication permission for a chronic condition expired 2/25/25. Repeat violation”

    Rule Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jun 2, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.

    “Fifteen (15) children were present with one (1) teacher in Space B10. Repeat violation”

    Rule NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 28, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Prior to the expiration date of the qualification letter, the child care provider did not complete and submit required forms to complete a criminal background check (a qualification letter is valid for a maximum of five years for the date of issuance).

    “The assigned substitute in Space B10, L.G., had an expired CBC qualification. The qualification expired 10/10/24.”

    Rule Prior to the expiration date of the qualification letter, the child care provider did not complete and submit required forms to complete a criminal background check (a qualification letter is valid for a maximum of five years for the date of issuance).. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 13, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

Apr 25, 2025: unannounced5 violations
  • All corrosive agents, pesticides, bleaches, detergents, cleansers, polishes, any product which is under pressure in an aerosol dispenser, and any substance which may be hazardous to a child if ingested, inhaled, or handled were not stored in a locked room or cabinet.

    “An aerosol can of Lysol was observed stored on a top of a cabinet in Space B9.”

    Rule All corrosive agents, pesticides, bleaches, detergents, cleansers, polishes, any product which is under pressure in an aerosol dispenser, and any substance which may be hazardous to a child if ingested, inhaled, or handled were not stored in a locked room or cabinet.. Corrected during the inspection.

  • Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.

    “Two (2) classrooms (B9, B10) did not document child arrival times today. One (1) classroom (B13) documented arrival times for today but no times were documented for Monday – Thursday of this week.”

    Rule Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 6, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.

    “The medication permission for a chronic condition expired 2/25/25. Repeat violation.”

    Rule Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jun 2, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.

    “A teacher was observed returning to her classroom from the restroom and one (1) teacher was observed supervising eighteen (18) children in Space B11. Repeat violation”

    Rule NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 28, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Staff did not interact with children in positive ways by helping them feel welcome and comfortable, treating them with respect, listening to what they say, responding to them with acceptance and appreciation, and/or participating in activities with the children.

    “A substitute teacher was observed supervising children at the restroom. I observed her use an inappropriate tone with children. I heard her say “Walk”, “Stand next to me”, and “I didn’t ask you” in harsh tone and used an elevated volume. Repeat violation”

    Rule Staff did not interact with children in positive ways by helping them feel welcome and comfortable, treating them with respect, listening to what they say, responding to them with acceptance and appreciation, and/or participating in activities with the children.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 6, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

Apr 2, 2025: unannounced11 violations
  • A valid qualification letter was not on file and available to review at the facility.

    “A substitute, R. Kimbrough, was not listed on the DPI staff form indicating a valid qualification letter was on file in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg School HR office.”

    Rule A valid qualification letter was not on file and available to review at the facility.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Children’s records that include an application for enrollment, medical and immunization records, and permission to seek emergency medical care was not on file for each child.

    “One (1) child did not have a medical assessment on file. Repeat violation.”

    Rule Children's records that include an application for enrollment, medical and immunization records, and permission to seek emergency medical care was not on file for each child.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.

    “Arrival and departure times were not documented in Spaces B10 and B13. The teacher assistant and substitute in Space B13 stated they did not know where arrival/departure times were documented. The teacher in Space B10 stated she needed to make blank copies of her forms. Repeat violation”

    Rule Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 6, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.

    “The medication authorization for a chronic condition expired 2/25/25. Repeat violation.”

    Rule Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jun 2, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.

    “A substitute was not assigned to Space B12. There were sixteen (16) children present with one (1) teacher. In Space B13 I observed one (1) teacher present with seventeen (17) children. The teacher assistant stated the substitute had just stepped out of the classroom.”

    Rule NC Pre-K program staff/child ratios and group sizes were not met.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 28, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Prior to employment a Criminal Background Check was not completed.

    “A substitute, R. Kimbrough, did not complete a criminal background check prior to caring for children in licensed care.”

    Rule Prior to employment a Criminal Background Check was not completed.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Staff did not interact with children in positive ways by helping them feel welcome and comfortable, treating them with respect, listening to what they say, responding to them with acceptance and appreciation, and/or participating in activities with the children.

    “A teacher was heard yelling down the hallway telling children “that’s enough, stop playing and get in line” in tone and volume that was not positive or respectful. Repeat violation”

    Rule Staff did not interact with children in positive ways by helping them feel welcome and comfortable, treating them with respect, listening to what they say, responding to them with acceptance and appreciation, and/or participating in activities with the children.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 6, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • The center did not maintain records as required in rule, and/or were not made available to the Division for review.

    “A substitute was present in Space B9 and was not listed on the DPI form. Repeat violation”

    Rule The center did not maintain records as required in rule, and/or were not made available to the Division for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • The health assessment did not include a dental screening.

    “Eight (8) children did not have a dental screening on file. Repeat violation”

    Rule The health assessment did not include a dental screening.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 12, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • The health assessment did not include a hearing screening.

    “One (1) child did not have a hearing screening on file. Repeat violation”

    Rule The health assessment did not include a hearing screening.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • The health assessment did not include a vision screening.

    “One (1) child did not have a vision screening on file. Repeat violation.”

    Rule The health assessment did not include a vision screening.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

Mar 12, 2025: unannounced13 violations
  • Balloons were accessible to children.

    “Two (2) large pink ribbon balloons were present in Space B9.”

    Rule Balloons were accessible to children.. Corrected during the inspection.

  • Child care providers, including the director, uncompensated providers, substitute providers, and volunteers did not have the required Emergency Information Form on file on or before the first day of work, which included all the required information and/or the information on the form was not updated as changes occur and at least annually.

    “One (1) employee’s emergency information was not complete. One (1) employee’s emergency information was not dated.”

    Rule Child care providers, including the director, uncompensated providers, substitute providers, and volunteers did not have the required Emergency Information Form on file on or before the first day of work, which included all the required information and/or the information on the form was not updated as changes occur and at least annually.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 2, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Children’s records that include an application for enrollment, medical and immunization records, and permission to seek emergency medical care was not on file for each child.

    “One (1) child (I.A.) did not have a medical assessment on file.”

    Rule Children's records that include an application for enrollment, medical and immunization records, and permission to seek emergency medical care was not on file for each child.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.

    “Arrival and departure times were not documented in Space B13. A substitute teacher was present since 2/24/25 and arrival/departure times were not documented since her start date.”

    Rule Daily records of arrival and departure times for children at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 24, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Emergency information record did not include chronic illness and any medication taken for the illness.

    “A child medication for a chronic condition was not stored in the classroom. The medication was stored in the nurse’s office.”

    Rule Emergency information record did not include chronic illness and any medication taken for the illness.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.

    “The medication authorization for a chronic condition expired 2/25/25.”

    Rule Medication authorization, giving the caregiver standing authorization did not meet the specifications in rule.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jun 2, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Staff did not complete the health and safety training within one year of employment.

    “Two (2) employees did not have documentation of completing health and safety trainings on file.”

    Rule Staff did not complete the health and safety training within one year of employment.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 2, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • Staff did not interact with children in positive ways by helping them feel welcome and comfortable, treating them with respect, listening to what they say, responding to them with acceptance and appreciation, and/or participating in activities with the children.

    “The teacher’s interaction with children in Space B13 was not positive. She was heard telling children “Get on your mat. I don’t know what else you need.”, “laydown”, “I don’t want to see your head pop up again” in tone that was not positive or respectful.”

    Rule Staff did not interact with children in positive ways by helping them feel welcome and comfortable, treating them with respect, listening to what they say, responding to them with acceptance and appreciation, and/or participating in activities with the children.. Corrected during the inspection.

  • The center did not maintain records as required in rule, and/or were not made available to the Division for review.

    “One (1) new assistant teacher was not listed on the DPI form. Three (3) substitute teachers reported as caring for children in Space B13 were not listed on the DPI form and did not have paperwork available for review.”

    Rule The center did not maintain records as required in rule, and/or were not made available to the Division for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Mar 24, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • The child care administrator and all staff did not complete the Recognizing and Responding to Suspicions of Child Maltreatment training within 90 days of employment.

    “One (1) employee’s maltreatment training was not available for review.”

    Rule The child care administrator and all staff did not complete the Recognizing and Responding to Suspicions of Child Maltreatment training within 90 days of employment.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 2, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • The health assessment did not include a dental screening.

    “Eight (8) children did not have a dental screening.”

    Rule The health assessment did not include a dental screening.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 12, 2025. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • The health assessment did not include a hearing screening.

    “One (1) child (I.A.) did not have hearing screening.”

    Rule The health assessment did not include a hearing screening.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • The health assessment did not include a vision screening.

    “One (1) child (I.A.) did not have a vision screening on file.”

    Rule The health assessment did not include a vision screening.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 25, 2025. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

Sep 17, 2024: unannounced2 violations
  • All corrosive agents, pesticides, bleaches, detergents, cleansers, polishes, any product which is under pressure in an aerosol dispenser, and any substance which may be hazardous to a child if ingested, inhaled, or handled were not stored in a locked room or cabinet.

    “Aerosol cans of Lysol and Clorox wipes were observed stored in an unlocked cabinet below 5 feet.”

    Rule All corrosive agents, pesticides, bleaches, detergents, cleansers, polishes, any product which is under pressure in an aerosol dispenser, and any substance which may be hazardous to a child if ingested, inhaled, or handled were not stored in a locked room or cabinet.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Sep 20, 2024. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

  • All staff records, except financial records, were not made available for review.

    “The cabinet that stored staff records was locked and the key was not onsite.”

    Rule All staff records, except financial records, were not made available for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Sep 20, 2024. Correction verified: at a follow-up visit by DCDEE.

Mar 28, 2024: unannounced9 violations
  • A child’s file did not have a statement with parent signature acknowledging receipt and explanation of the Prevention of Shaken Baby Syndrome and Abusive Head Trauma policy and/or the acknowledgement did not have all the required information.

    “Two (2) children did not have s signed and dated Prevention of Shaken Baby Syndrome and Abusive Head Trauma policy for review.”

    Rule A child's file did not have a statement with parent signature acknowledging receipt and explanation of the Prevention of Shaken Baby Syndrome and Abusive Head Trauma policy and/or the acknowledgement did not have all the required information.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 11, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • A health assessment was not on file at the NC Pre-K site within 30 days after a child entered the NC Pre-K program or the health assessment was more than 12 months old at the time of program entry.

    “Two (2) children did not have a health assessment on file for review.”

    Rule A health assessment was not on file at the NC Pre-K site within 30 days after a child entered the NC Pre-K program or the health assessment was more than 12 months old at the time of program entry.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 24, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • A valid qualification letter was not on file and available to review at the facility.

    “Two (2) substitutes had current qualifications in the ABCMS system, however the letters were not on file for review.”

    Rule A valid qualification letter was not on file and available to review at the facility.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: May 24, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • A written statement from each child’s parent giving standing permission which may be valid for up to twelve months for participation in off premise activities that occur on a regular basis was not available.

    “Two (2) children did not have off-premise permission on file for review.”

    Rule A written statement from each child's parent giving standing permission which may be valid for up to twelve months for participation in off premise activities that occur on a regular basis was not available.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 11, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • All staff did not successfully complete certification in CPR training appropriate to the age of the children in care.

    “Verification of staff completion of the CPR course from an approved training organization was not in the staff file. One (1) teacher did not complete in person CPR training.”

    Rule All staff did not successfully complete certification in CPR training appropriate to the age of the children in care.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jun 7, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • All staff did not successfully complete certification in First Aid appropriate to the age of children in care.

    “Verification of staff completion of First Aid training from an approved training organization was not in the staff file. One (1) teacher did not complete in person Firs Aid training.”

    Rule All staff did not successfully complete certification in First Aid appropriate to the age of children in care.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Jun 7, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Children’s records that include an application for enrollment, medical and immunization records, and permission to seek emergency medical care was not on file for each child.

    “Two (2) children did not have a medical assessment on file for review to include vision, hearing, and dental screening.”

    Rule Children's records that include an application for enrollment, medical and immunization records, and permission to seek emergency medical care was not on file for each child.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 11, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Refrigerator(s) did not maintain a temperature of 45 degrees F. or below.

    “The refrigerator in Space B13 was not keeping cool. The temperature was observed at 60 degrees.”

    Rule Refrigerator(s) did not maintain a temperature of 45 degrees F. or below.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 11, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • The EMC plan was not reviewed with all staff annually and whenever the plan was revised.

    “Two (2) teachers did not have verification of reviewing the EMC plan.”

    Rule The EMC plan was not reviewed with all staff annually and whenever the plan was revised.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Apr 11, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

Jan 19, 2024: unannounced12 violations
  • A valid qualification letter was not on file and available to review at the facility.

    “One (1) teacher, D. Dula, did not have a qualification letter on file. One (1) substitute, L. Goe, who was in the classroom today did not have a letter on file for review. Her qualification was verified in the ABCMS system.”

    Rule A valid qualification letter was not on file and available to review at the facility.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 1, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • All staff did not successfully complete certification in CPR training appropriate to the age of the children in care.

    “Verification of staff completion of the CPR course from an approved training organization was not in the staff file. CPR for one (1) teacher expired 1/13/24 and one (1) teacher did not have CPR training appropriate for the age of children in care. The certification was for a lifeguard.”

    Rule All staff did not successfully complete certification in CPR training appropriate to the age of the children in care.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 21, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • All staff did not successfully complete certification in First Aid appropriate to the age of children in care.

    “Verification of staff completion of First Aid training from an approved training organization was not in the staff file. First Aid for one (1) teacher expired 1/13/24 and one (1) teacher did not have First Aid training appropriate for the age of children in care. The certification was for a lifeguard.”

    Rule All staff did not successfully complete certification in First Aid appropriate to the age of children in care.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 21, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Child care providers, including the director, uncompensated providers, substitute providers, and volunteers did not have the required Emergency Information Form on file on or before the first day of work, which included all the required information and/or the information on the form was not updated as changes occur and at least annually.

    “One (1) staff member did not have emergency information on file for review.”

    Rule Child care providers, including the director, uncompensated providers, substitute providers, and volunteers did not have the required Emergency Information Form on file on or before the first day of work, which included all the required information and/or the information on the form was not updated as changes occur and at least annually.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 1, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Distance learning was used to complete First Aid, CPR and/or playground safety training.

    “Two (2) teachers used distance learning to complete CPR/First Aid training.”

    Rule Distance learning was used to complete First Aid, CPR and/or playground safety training.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 21, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Monthly playground inspections were not completed and/or they were not completed by an individual trained in playground safety requirements.

    “A playground inspection was not completed in December 2023.”

    Rule Monthly playground inspections were not completed and/or they were not completed by an individual trained in playground safety requirements.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 1, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Operator has not scheduled and obtained a fire inspection within 12 months of the previous inspection.

    “Operator did not submit the original approved report to DCDEE within one week of the inspection visit on a form provided by the Division. The annual fire inspection was due 7/18/23 and completed 9/1/23.”

    Rule Operator has not scheduled and obtained a fire inspection within 12 months of the previous inspection.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 1, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Prior to employment a Criminal Background Check was not completed.

    “A teacher, D. Dula, did not have a Criminal Background Check completed prior to be assigned to work in NC Pre-K. She was moved from working with 4th grade students to NC Pre-K in November 2023.”

    Rule Prior to employment a Criminal Background Check was not completed.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 1, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • Rule violated (DCDEE’s description below)

    “Daily records of arrival and departure times for children enrolled at the center were not maintained as children arrive and depart and/or were not made available for review. . Arrival times were not documented as children arrived in Space B9, B10, and B13.”

    Rule Rule violated (DCDEE’s description below). Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 1, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • The Prevention of Shaken Baby Syndrome and Abusive Head Trauma policy was not reviewed with new staff prior to providing care with children and/or a signed acknowledgement with all the required information was not maintained in the staff person’s file.

    “A signed acknowledgment of the Shaken Baby and Abusive Head Trauma policy was not on file for one (1) teacher.”

    Rule The Prevention of Shaken Baby Syndrome and Abusive Head Trauma policy was not reviewed with new staff prior to providing care with children and/or a signed acknowledgement with all the required information was not maintained in the staff person's file.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 1, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • When children 3 years and older were in care, screen time was not used to stimulate a developmental domain; was not limited to 30 minutes a day and no more than a total of two and a half hours per week, per child; and/or was not documented on a cumulative log or the activity plan that is available for review.

    “Screen time logs were not documented and maintained as required.”

    Rule When children 3 years and older were in care, screen time was not used to stimulate a developmental domain; was not limited to 30 minutes a day and no more than a total of two and a half hours per week, per child; and/or was not documented on a cumulative log or the activity plan that is available for review.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 1, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

  • When three year old children and older were in care, the materials and equipment in the activity area was not in sufficient quantity to allow at least three children to use the area regardless of whether the children choose the same or different activities.

    “Spaces B9, B10 and B12 did not have sufficient materials in activity centers. Shelves in blocks and manipulatives were observed empty.”

    Rule When three year old children and older were in care, the materials and equipment in the activity area was not in sufficient quantity to allow at least three children to use the area regardless of whether the children choose the same or different activities.. Correction date, as North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE) recorded it: Feb 1, 2024. Correction verified: by a letter from the provider.

All 22 visits on record
Visits on record
DateVisitWhat the record says
Aug 21, 2026Announced visitNo violations cited
May 28, 2026Unannounced visitNo violations cited
May 13, 2026Unannounced visit1 violation cited
May 11, 2026Unannounced visitNo violations cited
Apr 28, 2026Unannounced visit3 violations cited
Mar 31, 2026Unannounced visitNo violations cited
Feb 18, 2026Unannounced visit9 violations cited
Jan 6, 2026Unannounced visitNo violations cited
Dec 16, 2025Unannounced visit4 violations cited
Oct 1, 2025Unannounced visit5 violations cited
May 28, 2025Unannounced visitNo violations cited
May 22, 2025Unannounced visit2 violations cited
May 13, 2025Unannounced visit2 violations cited
May 6, 2025Unannounced visit3 violations cited
Apr 25, 2025Unannounced visit5 violations cited
Apr 3, 2025Unannounced visitNo violations cited
Apr 2, 2025Unannounced visit11 violations cited
Mar 12, 2025Unannounced visit13 violations cited
Sep 20, 2024Unannounced visitNo violations cited
Sep 17, 2024Unannounced visit2 violations cited
Mar 28, 2024Unannounced visit9 violations cited
Jan 19, 2024Unannounced visit12 violations cited

Is it licensed?

  • Child Care Center, holding a Four Star Center License since Jul 30, 2026.
  • Licensed for 126 children, ages 4 through 5.
  • Not enrolled in North Carolina’s subsidized child care program.
  • North Carolina’s licence number: 60003466.
  • Restriction: Other - Highest Voluntary Enhanced Ratios.
Source:

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE), Child Care Facility Search (ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov): licences, DCDEE visits and violations. Checked Oct 21, 2026. Updated daily.

Has North Carolina acted against it?

  • DCDEE says it has issued one or more administrative actions for this facility in the past three years; North Carolina’s page doesn’t say what they were, and shows one only after its 30-day appeal period.
Source:

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE), Child Care Facility Search (ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov): licences, DCDEE visits and violations. Checked Oct 21, 2026. Updated daily.

Who does the caring?

  • North Carolina’s page gives a staff-to-child ratio policy as the provider reports it, unverified by DCDEE, so it isn’t shown.

Who owns it?

  • Owner, as North Carolina lists it: Cms Pre-K Department.
Source:

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE), Child Care Facility Search (ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov): licences, DCDEE visits and violations. Checked Oct 21, 2026. Updated daily.

How is it rated?

  • Star Rated License: 4 stars of five.
Source:

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE), Child Care Facility Search (ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov): licences, DCDEE visits and violations. Checked Oct 21, 2026. Updated daily.

How does it compare nearby?

  • Among 529 child care providers in Mecklenburg County, the middle value for violations cited in the last three years was 14; this one had 81.
Source:

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE), Child Care Facility Search (ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov): licences, DCDEE visits and violations. Checked Oct 21, 2026. Updated daily.

11 of the 529 in Mecklenburg County, as the source lists them, same ZIP code first
PlaceViolations cited in the last three years
University Meadows A.s.e.p.15
Chesterbrook Academy78
Governors’ Village Asep13
Phelps Love and Care7
Kids R Kids #5 NC27
Love’s Creation Home Care28
Cadence Academy Preschool, Mallard60
Tutor Time Child Care/Learning Center83
Stoney Creek Elementary Asep23
Children of America Charlotte, LLC67
Governors’ Village Stem Academy This child care provider81
Kiddie University Inc.1

What the record doesn’t say

  • North Carolina doesn’t show a visit summary tied to an open child maltreatment investigation while the case is active, and shows an administrative action only after its 30-day appeal period, without saying what it was.
  • DCDEE’s descriptions of violations are shown in its own words; a description that names or may name a person isn’t shown. Visit summaries, the consultants’ full reports, aren’t read.
  • North Carolina’s page lists the provider’s own features (transport, ratios) as furnished by the provider and unverified by DCDEE, so they aren’t shown.

Sources

If you believe something here is wrong, a correction starts with the agency whose record this copies: North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Child Development and Early Education (DCDEE). North Carolina’s own record is on ncchildcare.ncdhhs.gov. If Hearth Record copied something wrongly, it will fix it and log the correction publicly, with its date: how corrections work.

Source:

This copy of the record was made on Nov 3, 2026.

From the provider

The public record above comes first. Anything the provider adds will appear here, below it, and say who wrote it.

Replies

None. Replies aren’t open yet. When they open, the provider will be able to answer any finding for free, and the reply will show beside that finding, unedited and dated.

Paid listing

None. Paid listings aren’t open yet. When they open, anything paid for will say “Paid by the provider”, and paying will never change a finding, a rating or the order of results.

How to read a record

Four things every record does, shown on an example record made up for this guide.

An example record, made up for this guide

An example nursing home

Made up for this guide: no real place is shown

Not fully inspected in over two years (CMS flag)

11 health citations at the latest inspection cycle

The state average is 14.3.

Source:

CMS, State and US Averages and Health Deficiencies. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

From the homeNone yet. Replies and paid listings aren’t open, and when they open they will sit here, below the record.

1 of 4

Every fact names its source.

Who published it, when, and how often it changes sit beside each fact, with a link to the agency’s own file.

Sign in

A free account keeps your watch list, shortlists, comparisons and saved searches on every device, and can email you when something you watch changes. Browsing never needs one.