Hearth Record

Sullivan Healthcare & Senior Living

A nursing home in Sullivan, Illinois 61951

11 Hawthorne Lane, Sullivan, Illinois 61951. (217) 728-4327.

  • Cited for abuse (CMS flag)
CMS’s own record, on Care Compare

Watch and the shortlist are kept with a free account, on every device. Your watch list. CMS’s own record is on Care Compare.

The short answer

Record last released by CMS on Oct 28, 2026.

The last 24 months 50 citations in 13 months of the last 36. Last cited Aug 2026. Most serious: immediate jeopardy to health or safety (L). Every month

Each figure’s source sits beside it, in its section below.

What these words mean8
Star ratings
CMS rates some kinds of place from 1 to 5 stars, more stars meaning better on CMS’s own measures for that kind: for a nursing home, its health inspections, staffing and quality measures. A rating is CMS’s summary of those measures; it doesn’t promise good care. Source: CMS, Care Compare and the Five-Star Quality Rating System.
Inspection (survey)
A visit by state inspectors, often unannounced, who check a place against the rules it must meet. For nursing homes and other places Medicare pays, CMS calls these visits surveys: a standard survey of a nursing home comes at least every 15 months, and a complaint survey whenever a complaint calls for one. Source: CMS; 42 CFR 488.308.
Deficiency, citation, violation
What inspectors write up when a place didn’t meet a rule: the rule, what they saw, and when. CMS calls it a deficiency; states may say citation or violation. It is the inspectors’ finding, not a court’s, and the place is usually asked for a plan to correct it. Source: CMS, statement of deficiencies (Form CMS-2567); each state’s licensing agency.
Scope and severity (A to L)
CMS grades each nursing home deficiency with a letter. A to C: no actual harm, with potential for minimal harm. D to F: no actual harm, but potential for more. G to I: actual harm. J to L: immediate jeopardy. Within each band, the letter rises as more residents were affected or could be: one or a few, a pattern, or widespread. Source: CMS, nursing home scope and severity grid (State Operations Manual, chapter 7).
Nurse staffing hours
The hours registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and nurse aides worked, per resident per day, from the payroll records each home sends CMS. Source: CMS, Payroll-Based Journal.
Fines and payment denials
A fine (civil money penalty) is money CMS makes a nursing home pay when it falls short of federal rules. A payment denial means Medicare and Medicaid stop paying for new admissions until the home meets the rules again. Source: CMS; 42 CFR 488.430 and 488.417.
Immediate jeopardy
CMS’s most serious finding: the place’s failure to meet a rule caused, or was likely to cause, serious injury, harm, impairment or death to someone in its care. Source: CMS; 42 CFR 489.3.
Capacity
The most people the licence or certification lets the place care for at once: residents, children, beds or apartments, as the state counts them. It isn’t how many are there now. Source: Each state’s licensing agency.

What did inspectors find?

32 health citations at the latest inspection cycle

The Illinois average is 12.7.

Last standard inspection Aug 15, 2025.

Most serious in three years: immediate jeopardy to health or safety (L), at a complaint inspection on Dec 20, 2024

Source:

CMS, Provider Information, State and US Averages and Health Deficiencies. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

When those citations happened

50 citations in 13 months of the last 36. Last cited Aug 2026. Most serious: immediate jeopardy to health or safety (L). The last 3 years, to Nov 5, 2026.

50 citations by month over the last 3 years. Each cell is one month.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2023 Dec
2024 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2026 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNov

Hover or focus a month to read it.

No visit on record Visited, nothing cited A stronger orange is more serious, on its source’s own levels, read onto four bands: from the least serious it publishes to the most
Source:

Hearth Record drew this from the dates and levels in the source’s own records.

All 50 citations in the last three years

Grouped by inspection, newest first. Each carries , from A, the least serious, to L, the most. 28 came from complaint inspections.

Source:

CMS, Health Deficiencies. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

Aug 28, 2026: complaint inspection6 citations

  • Honor the resident’s right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.

    Rule F0550. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Aug 31, 2026.

  • Honor the resident’s right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.

    Rule F0584. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2026.

  • Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.

    Rule F0600. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 4, 2026.

  • Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist.

    Rule F0755. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2026.

  • Ensure food and drink is palatable, attractive, and at a safe and appetizing temperature.

    Rule F0804. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 1, 2026.

  • Ensure each resident receives and the facility provides food that accommodates resident allergies, intolerances, and preferences, as well as appealing options.

    Rule F0806. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Aug 28, 2026.

Aug 7, 2026: complaint inspection1 citation

  • Employ sufficient staff with the appropriate competencies and skills sets to carry out the functions of the food and nutrition service, including a qualified dietician.

    Rule F0801. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Aug 26, 2026.

Jun 19, 2026: complaint inspection4 citations

  • Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.

    Rule F0684. G: actual harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Jun 20, 2026.

  • Properly hold, secure, and manage each resident’s personal money which is deposited with the nursing home.

    Rule F0568. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Jul 1, 2026.

  • Notify each resident of certain balances and convey resident funds upon discharge, eviction, or death.

    Rule F0569. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Jun 20, 2026.

  • Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident’s health.

    Rule F0692. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Jun 20, 2026.

May 15, 2026: complaint inspection1 citation

  • Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.

    Rule F0677. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: May 16, 2026.

Apr 21, 2026: complaint inspection2 citations

  • Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.

    Rule F0689. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Apr 22, 2026.

  • Ensure that residents are free from significant medication errors.

    Rule F0760. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Apr 22, 2026.

Mar 11, 2026: complaint inspection1 citation

  • Reasonably accommodate the needs and preferences of each resident.

    Rule F0558. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Mar 13, 2026.

Jan 20, 2026: complaint inspection1 citation

  • Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.

    Rule F0600. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Jan 22, 2026.

Nov 25, 2025: complaint inspection6 citations

  • Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.

    Rule F0600. G: actual harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Dec 4, 2025.

  • Honor the resident’s right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.

    Rule F0550. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Dec 4, 2025.

  • Timely report suspected abuse, neglect, or theft and report the results of the investigation to proper authorities.

    Rule F0609. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Dec 4, 2025.

  • Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.

    Rule F0690. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Dec 4, 2025.

  • Employ sufficient staff with the appropriate competencies and skills sets to carry out the functions of the food and nutrition service, including a qualified dietician.

    Rule F0801. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Dec 1, 2025.

  • Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.

    Rule F0812. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Dec 4, 2025.

Aug 15, 2025: standard inspection10 citations

  • Honor the resident’s right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.

    Rule F0550. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

  • Honor the resident’s right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.

    Rule F0584. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

  • Honor the resident’s right to voice grievances without discrimination or reprisal and the facility must establish a grievance policy and make prompt efforts to resolve grievances.

    Rule F0585. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

  • Ensure each resident receives an accurate assessment.

    Rule F0641. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

  • Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.

    Rule F0677. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

  • Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.

    Rule F0686. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

  • Have a registered nurse on duty 8 hours a day; and select a registered nurse to be the director of nurses on a full time basis.

    Rule F0727. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

  • Employ sufficient staff with the appropriate competencies and skills sets to carry out the functions of the food and nutrition service, including a qualified dietician.

    Rule F0801. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

  • Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.

    Rule F0812. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

  • Have the Quality Assessment and Assurance group have the required members and meet at least quarterly

    Rule F0868. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 2, 2025.

Jan 10, 2025: complaint inspection2 citations

  • Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.

    Rule F0684. G: actual harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Jan 13, 2025.

  • Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.

    Rule F0690. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Feb 6, 2025.

Dec 20, 2024: complaint inspection2 citations

  • Provide basic life support, including CPR, prior to the arrival of emergency medical personnel , subject to physician orders and the resident’s advance directives.

    Rule F0678. L: immediate jeopardy to health or safety. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Dec 31, 2024.

  • Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.

    Rule F0689. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Dec 31, 2024.

Oct 10, 2024: complaint inspection1 citation

  • Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.

    Rule F0600. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Oct 25, 2024.

Sep 13, 2024: standard inspection12 citations

  • Give residents a notice of rights, rules, services and charges.

    Rule F0572. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Ensure residents have reasonable access to and privacy in their use of communication methods.

    Rule F0576. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Immediately tell the resident, the resident’s doctor, and a family member of situations (injury/decline/room, etc.) that affect the resident.

    Rule F0580. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Honor the resident’s right to voice grievances without discrimination or reprisal and the facility must establish a grievance policy and make prompt efforts to resolve grievances.

    Rule F0585. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Ensure that each resident is free from the use of physical restraints, unless needed for medical treatment.

    Rule F0604. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident’s needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.

    Rule F0656. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.

    Rule F0677. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.

    Rule F0686. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Ensure that residents are free from significant medication errors.

    Rule F0760. D: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Employ sufficient staff with the appropriate competencies and skills sets to carry out the functions of the food and nutrition service, including a qualified dietician.

    Rule F0801. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.

    Rule F0812. F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

  • Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.

    Rule F0880. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Sep 30, 2024.

Mar 19, 2024: complaint inspection1 citation

  • Provide or get specialized rehabilitative services as required for a resident.

    Rule F0825. E: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. From a complaint. Correction date, as CMS recorded it: Apr 5, 2024.

Is it certified, and in good standing?

  • Certified for Medicare and Medicaid since May 1, 1978.
  • Not on CMS’s special focus list.
  • CMS marks it with its abuse icon: cited for abuse or neglect that harmed a resident.
  • No change of ownership in the last 12 months.
  • CMS lists its ownership as for profit, limited liability company.
  • 123 certified beds.
Source:

CMS, Provider Information. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

Has it been fined or penalized?

  • 2 fines in the last three years, $159,409 in all.
  • 1 Medicare payment denial in the last three years.
  • 28 citations in the last three years came from complaint inspections.
Source:

CMS, Penalties and Health Deficiencies. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

Fines and payment denials, newest first
DateKindAmount
Jun 19, 2026Fine$66,120
Dec 20, 2024Medicare payment denialNot given
Dec 20, 2024Fine$93,289

Who does the caring?

2.91 nurse hours per resident per day

The Illinois average is 3.47.

CMS publishes staffing about four months after the fact.

Source:

CMS, Provider Information and State and US Averages. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

Staffing measures
MeasureThis homeIllinois average
Nurse hours per resident per day2.913.47
Of which registered nurses0.320.71
At weekends2.653.08
Nursing staff turnover56.7%43.7%
Registered nurse turnover42.9%41.5%
Administrators who left0Not given

Who owns it?

  • Linicare Holdco LLC owns 99.99% directly since Dec 1, 2024; An organisation CMS lists without a name owns 0.01% directly since Dec 1, 2024.
  • Ecapital Healthcare Corp and Lincoln Healthcare Group, LLC and Linicare Holdco LLC run it.
  • 18 owners or officers are people: Aharon Weiss (owns 5% or more through other companies, 25%); Avrohom Ribiat (owns 5% or more through other companies, 25%); Shimon Webster (owns 5% or more through other companies, 18.35%); Yeruchom Levovitz (owns 5% or more through other companies, 18.35%); Kevin Chankin (owns 5% or more through other companies, 10%); Shimon Webster (runs it (operational or managerial control)); Shimon Webster (additional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)); Aharon Weiss (runs it (operational or managerial control)); Aharon Weiss (additional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)); Yeruchom Levovitz (runs it (operational or managerial control)); Yeruchom Levovitz (additional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)); Amanda Spade (runs it (operational or managerial control)); Amanda Spade (additional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)); Faisal Bukhari (runs it (operational or managerial control)); Faisal Bukhari (additional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)); Kevin Chankin (on the governing body (managing control)); Janelle Holthaus (runs it (operational or managerial control)); Janelle Holthaus (additional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)).
  • Part of Pointe Management (12 homes in CMS’s data).
  • No private-equity firm among the owners CMS lists.
  • A real-estate investment trust is among the owners CMS lists.
Source:

CMS, All Owners. Checked Nov 5, 2026. Updated monthly.

CMS, Provider Information. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

Organisations CMS lists
OrganisationRoleShareSince
Ecapital Healthcare CorpHolds 5% or more security interest100%Dec 1, 2024
Linicare Holdco LLCOwns 5% or more directly99.99%Dec 1, 2024
S & C Holdings Illinois LLCOwns 5% or more through other companies36.7%Dec 1, 2024
Afmzl, LLCOwns 5% or more through other companies25%Dec 1, 2024
Stonewall Hcg LLCOwns 5% or more through other companies25%Dec 1, 2024
An organisation CMS lists without a nameOwns a share directly0.01%Dec 1, 2024
Plante & Moran PLLCAdditional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)Dec 1, 2024
Ecapital Healthcare CorpRuns it (operational or managerial control)Dec 1, 2024
Lincoln Healthcare Group, LLCRuns it (operational or managerial control)Dec 1, 2024
Lincoln Healthcare Group, LLCAdditional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)Dec 1, 2024
Linicare Holdco LLCRuns it (operational or managerial control)Dec 1, 2024
Linicare Holdco LLCAdditional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)Dec 1, 2024
An organisation CMS lists without a nameAdditional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)Dec 1, 2024
An organisation CMS lists without a nameAdditional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)Dec 1, 2024
An organisation CMS lists without a nameAdditional disclosable party (controls, leases property to, or provides services to the home)Apr 9, 2025

How do residents fare?

  • CMS rates its quality measures 1 of 5 (Illinois average 3.1).
Source:

CMS, Provider Information and State and US Averages. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

CMS’s star ratings, from 1 to 5
MeasureRating
Overall rating1 of 5
Health inspections1 of 5
Staffing1 of 5
Quality measures1 of 5

How does it compare nearby?

  • Among the 12 nearest homes, within 23.7 miles, this one had the 2nd most health citations at the latest inspection cycle (32; the middle value was 20).
Source:

CMS, Provider Information. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

The 12 nearest, by straight-line distance
PlaceMiles awayCitations, latest cycle
Sullivan Healthcare & Senior Living This nursing home32
Eastview Healthcare & Senior Living1.414
Palm Garden of Mattoon15.038
Shelbyville Manor15.321
Mattoon Rehab & HCC15.522
Odd Fellow-Rebekah Home15.523
Shelbyville Healthcare & Senior Living15.98
The Haven of Arcola17.416
Mt Zion Health & Rehab Center19.822
Heartland Senior Living20.09
The Haven of Tuscola22.117
The Haven of Bement.23.719

What the record doesn’t say

  • Complaints that didn’t lead to a citation aren’t published.
  • Inspections reach CMS’s data about six weeks after they happen, and staffing about four months after.
  • CMS publishes the inspectors’ full written findings in a separate monthly file, which isn’t loaded yet.
  • Fines and Medicare payment denials are the only enforcement CMS publishes; state licence actions aren’t included.

Sources

  • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Provider Information (4pq5-n9py).

    Released Oct 28, 2026 and checked Nov 5, 2026. Updated monthly. Public domain (U.S. Government work).

  • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Health Deficiencies (r5ix-sfxw).

    Released Oct 28, 2026 and checked Nov 5, 2026. Updated monthly. Public domain (U.S. Government work).

  • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Penalties (g6vv-u9sr).

    Released Oct 28, 2026 and checked Nov 5, 2026. Updated monthly. Public domain (U.S. Government work).

  • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, All Owners (afe44b85-cc6d-40d7-b5df-00ae8910d1d2).

    Checked Nov 5, 2026. Updated monthly. Public domain (U.S. Government work).

  • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, State and US Averages (xcdc-v8bm).

    Released Oct 28, 2026 and checked Nov 5, 2026. Updated monthly. Public domain (U.S. Government work).

If you believe something here is wrong, a correction starts with the agency whose record this copies: CMS. CMS’s own record is on Care Compare. If Hearth Record copied something wrongly, it will fix it and log the correction publicly, with its date: how corrections work.

Source:

This copy of the record was made on Nov 5, 2026.

From the home

The public record above comes first. Anything the home adds will appear here, below it, and say who wrote it.

Replies

None. Replies aren’t open yet. When they open, the home will be able to answer any finding for free, and the reply will show beside that finding, unedited and dated.

Paid listing

None. Paid listings aren’t open yet. When they open, anything paid for will say “Paid by the home”, and paying will never change a finding, a rating or the order of results.

How to read a record

Four things every record does, shown on an example record made up for this guide.

An example record, made up for this guide

An example nursing home

Made up for this guide: no real place is shown

Not fully inspected in over two years (CMS flag)

11 health citations at the latest inspection cycle

The state average is 14.3.

Source:

CMS, State and US Averages and Health Deficiencies. Released Oct 28, 2026. Updated monthly.

From the homeNone yet. Replies and paid listings aren’t open, and when they open they will sit here, below the record.

1 of 4

Every fact names its source.

Who published it, when, and how often it changes sit beside each fact, with a link to the agency’s own file.

Sign in

A free account keeps your watch list, shortlists, comparisons and saved searches on every device, and can email you when something you watch changes. Browsing never needs one.